This article remembers the long-forgotten Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915) on his 150th birth anniversary. The fact that leaders of the weakest sections of the Indian society such as Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Ambedkar, valued Gokhale’s socio-political vision explains that this vision accommodated the needs of the different Indian communities and included them on a level of equality into the nation. ... social and political ideas, and created an all-India consciousness was the press. Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was not only a political thinker but also a great economist of his time. It can be labeled in the four point program. In other words, belonging to the same culture was not enough: in order to achieve national unity, what was crucial was the political will to participate to the well-being of the nation, to contribute to its progress and amelioration. Directive word. Gopal Krishna Gokhale biography in Hindi language with all life history and information in Hindi. Indian Finance: With regard to Indian Budget, Gokhale held the view that, it should be passed item by … Currently based in Delhi, she is writing a book on the foundations of Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s nationalism. All in all, there were different and conflicting strands within the anti-colonial movement and, in contrast with what some historians maintain, some were religious, community-based and discriminatory. Gokhale was an advocate of Swadeshi Movement from patriotic angles. Jinnah were inspired by him in the years before they became mass leaders. Gopal Krishna Gokhale who holding a command of congress as president in 1905 follow the Moderates and the theory of “Prayer Petition and Protest through Press” best known for the Constitutional agitation, moreover he wanted to attain Political rights in a Stage by Stage evolution and not all of sudden . Gokhale’s Role in the Indian Struggle – 3.) But then, why is Gokhale not one of the revered deities of the national movement pantheon? B) MCQ: Answer the following in about 250 words each. Economic Idea # 1. Maybe, we would not go far wrong if we said that Gokhale in contemporary India would be a rather disillusioned man. The debate on the Education Bill, drafted by Gokhale and presented in front of the Imperial Legislative Council in 1911, is very telling of the contrasting social visions that characterised the national movement. 4. At this time Gandhi received support from India also e.g. Mahatma Gandhi said, Gopal Krishna Gokhale was his political Guru and a true servant of India. The idea of the nation articulated by Gokhale was predicated on the concept that, from being a geographical unity well-delimited by the Indian Ocean and … The main consequence of the revaluation and glorification of Hindu traditions was that Hindu values became ‘national’ values. Discuss Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s ideas on Liberalism. %���� He appreciated and welcomed the British rule in India. Consequence of Foreign Domination 2. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments. If it is true that Gokhale can be qualified a moderate for his commitment to constitutional methods, it should not be forgotten that he supported social and economic reform much more decidedly than other leaders who are even today saluted as national heroes. Method and Scope of Political Economy: ... Top 6 Economic Ideas of Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Then, the deep divisions and disabilities based on gender, caste and religion that characterised Indian social structure had to be overcome, or else conflict and uncertainty would prevail over peace and prosperity. Though Gokhale eventually moderated the contents of his proposal for fear that it could be a source of division among the anti-colonial movement, the Education Bill met a great deal of opposition by many Indian leaders. Britain and India began in January 1920 as a monthly journal in order to promote understanding and unity between the two countries. The idea of British to create communual tension was lessened by the national spirit and patriotism. Gopal Krishna Gokhale , His Liberalism and its Relevance today. This was also repealed. The establishment of the Servants of India Society in 1905 was the embodiment of Gokhale’s ideals and principles for the nation in the making: it was an effort to shift from the high political level to the grassroots level with his national project. At that time, his role model was Gopal Krishna Gokhale. All these demanded a national education different from the one proposed by Gokhale, because the nation they envisioned was different: something which shows very clearly that anyone who was fighting against injustice by foreigners was not necessary fighting against injustice by Indians towards Indians. 3. These rational, inclusive ideas are even stigmatised as ‘anti-national’ because they are threatening the ‘traditional’ Hindu ethos. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society. For this very reason, ideas similar to the ones embraced by Gokhale are at a low ebb in today’s India: obviously they are neither instrumental in promoting the nationalist agenda of the BJP-RSS combine, nor useful for captivating any vote-bank. OR. Gopal Krishna Gokhale: The Neglected Liberal. Discuss in brief about the organization, established by Gopal Krishna Gokhale to educate and to arouse national awakening among the people. Yet, unluckily, taking up the cudgels against Gokhale and his reformist ideas implied, more or less directly, the persistence of dehumanising master-servant relationships continued and then the rejection of the chance of building a society fit for all Indians. At first sight, it is very tempting to say that Gokhale’s ideas would not have any audience today and that, after all, Gokhale had simply internalised the hegemonic thinking promoted by the British as a justification for their imperialism, that is liberalism. Therefore, from being the doctrine which justified the British rule in India, liberalism was mutated into an instrument of dissent and resilience against that same rule and, significantly enough, against those ideologies that, in the name of social order and cultural authenticity, did not recognise any liberty to the single individuals, much less to women, the economically unprivileged and untouchables. OR Introduction: Sri Aurobindo’s main aim of developing a social and political thesis is to make the Life Divine of the entire human folk. They wanted economic and administrative reforms. For boycott, howsoever, it should not be used. 3. He belonged to Moderate phase.B - Lala Lajpat Rai. It Brought about a maturation of Gandhian political thought and convinced him about futility of moderate strategy and Need to involve the masses directly. Commemoration is an appropriate moment to relate the past to the present and to reinterpret history. 4. The weakness of Gokhale’s idea of a nation. All this considered, it should not sound surprising that Tilak defined the liberal nationalism à la Gokhale ‘un-national’: according to him it was preposterous that different religious nationalities could be brought under the same polity and, in his opinion, the individual’s rights had to be surrendered to communities. He was an advocate of liberalism, reason free of passion and the importance of education in enriching minds. Gopal Krishna Gokhale is one of the well-known political leader during India's fight to independence.Born on May 9, 1866, he was a social reformer, whose goals were to promote non-violence and reform within the existing government institutions.. Gokhale was among the most influential leaders of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society. Unfortunately, since Hindu culture, described as ancient, pure and characterised by permanent traits, was presented as the sole binding factor of the nation, the most logical consequence was an attitude of resistance against influences coming from other cultures. Describe the distinctive characteristics of militant nationalism. ranade By O. P. Goyal* Mahadev Govind Ranade (1841 - 1901) was "a great man, a fervent patriot, a religious reformer, a leader of thought, a guide of men, an able historian and an eminent economist.' info) [ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː] (9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915) was an Indian liberal political leader and a social reformer during the Indian Independence Movement. In fact, Gokhale quoted Edmund Burke and John Stuart Mill; he believed that any activity had to be limited to the constitutional realm and that each step on the path of self-government, however small, was significant; he was wary of any ideology that mobilised the masses. The Congress was the largest political organization in India. He was the leader of the moderate faction of th… OR Examine the political ideas of Bal Gangadhar Tilak. B) MCQ: Answer the following in about 250 words each. All the inhabitants of this space, all those people that have “come to make their home here [and] have brought their own treasure into the common stock” were Indians. What is more, Gokhale held that the need of education for women was even more urgent due to the fact that religious beliefs affected more women than men. 9) Explain Tilak's ideas on education and social reforms. Gokhale being too rational and far-sighted did not arouse those deep, compelling, and divisive passions essential to mobilise people and to keep narrow versions of nationalism alive. Ranade was one of the early leaders of India’s emulative school of nationalism, as was his brilliant disciple Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866–1915), later revered by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi (1869–1948) as a political guru (preceptor). Discuss Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s ideas on Liberalism. Gopal Krishna Gokhlae supported the anti partition movement. Describe the distinctive characteristics of militant nationalism. Gopal Krishna Gokhale as the Congress President declared “the true Swadeshi movement as both a patriotic and an economic movement. Gokhale’s ideas about Swadeshi Movement. Not only that. Political ideas of justice m.g. Therefore, in this outlook, the nation became object of a sentimental and irrational adoration, since it embodied the essence of the civilisation of the Indian people. Nevertheless, going by what happened to Narendra Dabholkar, Govind Pansare, and M. M. Kalburgi, and more recently to the students at JNU; however paradoxical it might sound, the less ‘national’ India is, the better it is going to be for the overall stability and welfare of the nation. It was only a satisfaction to patriotic urge 10 the public. (i) He wanted to achieve his political goal by improving the economy of his country. The moderates wanted to bring constitutional reforms whereas the Extremist wanted Swaraj or self-rule.b. Let us understand the political situation at that time through Gokhale and how he put good use of the Council. He propagated the idea of self-rule in India and became the … And exactly this was its weakness: being too rational and far-sighted, it did not arouse those deep, compelling, and divisive passions which are essential to mobilise people and to keep narrow versions of nationalism alive. Significance of Gandhi in Africa. Patterns of inclusion or exclusion, democratic or undemocratic principles, equality or disability are to be found in Indian nationalism from its beginning: since late nineteenth century, intolerant and exclusionary ideas of the nation were organic in Indian political discourse as much as liberal ideas of the nation. Gokhale was born in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, into a poor Chitpavan Brahmin family on May 9, 1866 and died at the age of 48 before he could see his dream of free India turn into reality. We can tentatively try to answer by arguing that the nation envisioned by Gokhale was predicated on an idea, rather than on external symbols. Collective Salvation is the motto of his dream about the divine life. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the wisest moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress. Many members and leaders of the Indian National Congress favoured a limited self-government for India. It goes without saying that Gokhale’s political idea of the nation did not consider the Indian nation as timeless given, a cultural fact. 6) Discuss Manu's views on Foreign policy. Gokhale’s liberal ideology, supporting all-round liberties for the individual and advocating a juster society free from religious and caste prejudices, was attacked time and again by the extremists, because it jeopardised the ‘national’ identity in name of an ‘alien modernity’ (even though both the monolithic Hindu identity and the romantic concept of cultural nationhood were equally by-products of the same modernity). For this purpose, a glimpse to Gokhale’s idea of the nation can be useful to show that Indian liberalism, as the eminent historian Chris Bayly clearly illustrated, was broader in scope than certain bold nationalism which was louder in attacking the British Raj. He was one of the political and social leaders during the Freedom Struggle of India. Gopal Krishna Gokhale Main article: Gopal Krishna Gokhale Gopal Krishna Gokhale, known as " The Political Guru of Gandhi" as he was the one who guided Mahatma Gandhi to travel around India in order to fight against the British, was one of the social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Gandhi and M.A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale. This use of Swadeshi would regularly remind us of our being Indian first. 5) Briefly discuss political ideas of Swami Vivekananda. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was prominent leader of Indian Independence Movement. (ii) He wanted to abolish feudalism and improve economic conditions of the poor farmers. He belonged to radical nationalist. Examine the political ideas of Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 4 0 obj <>stream So, it is quite easy to be convinced that the soft-spoken moderate leader was detached from the people’s issues and that he was no less elitist than the British colonisers. The answer must elaborate on the role played by Gopal Krishna Gokhale during freedom struggle. In the current Indian political debate where Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bhagat Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar are all competing for the status of makers of modern India, perhaps it would be necessary to sit back and look at what Gokhale – whom Mahatma Gandhi himself called his political guru – had to say. He was essentially a liberal thinker and Antithetical to this vision was the cultural nationalist ideology which gave priority to the cultural commonality and did not attribute any relevance to the individual will to be part of the nation, since the latter existed a priori and could not be disputed. To conclude, then, we can say that even though there is no idea of the nation intrinsically more legitimate or authentic than another, it is still true that these ideas can and must be judged by considering their social consequences in terms of peace, democracy and inclusion. Gokhale’s political thought revolves around the socio-political issues. OR. It was not an economic weapon to beat the foreign government. Gopal Krishna Gokhale is now a forgotten man even though both M.K. In this sense, far from being a conservative system of thinking, such liberalism became a radical tool to defy the colonial order at the same time and to catalyse social transformation against the internal evils of the Indian society. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a pioneer of Indian National Movement, was bron on May 9, 1866 in Kothapur, Maharashtra. His noble dream was the Servants of India Society, which he founded. Elaborate upon the salient features of Bhagat Singh’s ideology. The idea of the nation articulated by Gokhale was predicated on the concept that, from being a geographical unity well-delimited by the Indian Ocean and the Himalayan mountains, India had become a political unity, thanks to the administrative unification under the British rule. 1 In 1892 he delivered before the Deccan … He retired in 1901 giving way to Gopal Krishna Gokhale with a strong base in economics. Some criticised the bill because the kind of education it promoted was not based on religious identity and so it was not ‘national’; others fretted about the shortage of child labour, some others commented that children of poor classes and lower castes could become gentlemen. Gokhale’s motto was to spiritualize the public life. In a reality as diverse as India, such a vision of the nation could not but lead, besides to the obvious rejection of everything British, to the exclusion of the Muslim minority, regarded as one of the historical agents that had greatly contributed to the contamination and decline of the glorious (very often invented) Hindu past. So, the nation existed in the future, and not in a golden past. The … 7) Assess the powers and functions of King in Kautilya's work Arthashastra 8) What was the main content of Manu's theory ofDanda. x��][��q.���2�Үd���u,;Ҍ�� A۹ؕT�R~��oV���U��)+��H4� �&yfge?D[���[�������p��z���?��t���\,�O�����������ק_���ۛ���_���u��__����5wڙ������M����7�c7���n��F){����ػ��||sk�~��=ɏOo�NM��W��>zv3w�M����O7��sӬ��[7}7)c�̾�̽�
F��1�J@3��� S1�l�o�}����o�'��l���X�l0�R]?��l@#x����,�5f�݊}�)�{��h�^�ݠ5�D�2�q��1�:� ����z�����w^��G�w��p5����&�4����t��~��f���w���|KMV"qG�RǮ��Cw�M�������X���� His political life always set an example to young political aspirants and his yogic life make others spellbound by seeing… The idea of Swadeshi or one’s own country is one of the noblest conception that had ever stirred the heart of humanity”. Jinnah also held the same view. FOUR POINT PROGRAM OF INC:- The INC has put forward many objectives in the political administration. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. 1 0) Briefly sketch life and works of Gokhale. ... Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Economics. Gokhale’s idea of free and compulsory education was proposed through his Elementary Education Bill in 1910, which came to evolve into the Right to Education Act after a century. & GK In Hindi, गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले जी का जीवन परिचय ... Top 6 Economic Ideas of Gopal Krishna Gokhale. %PDF-1.4 February 19, 2021 marks the 106th death anniversary of one of the greatest Indian freedom fighters, Gopal Krishna Gokhale. In Gokhale’s view, universal, secular, free, and compulsory education was ‘the question of the questions’, because upon it depended the well-being of thousands of children, the increased efficiency of the individual, the higher general level of intelligence, the stiffening of the moral backbone of large sections of the community. a. 4×12. They submitted memorandums and petitions.iii. Elaborate upon the salient features of Bhagat Singh’s ideology. It is imperative to emphasise that the future common project Gokhale envisioned for India was not only predicated on the fight against British imperialism, but also, and even more importantly, on social equality, without which neither progress – moral and material – nor freedom could be achieved. Moderates Extremist i. He was the other man in the Legislature who changed the ways of the Legislature. A - Gopal Krishna Gokhale. They organized meetings and prayers.ii. Gokhale was a professor and then principal of the Ferguson College, pune. Elena Valdameri is a PhD in Historical Studies from the University of Milan. fr����wn�NYk��±��~/�+����N���ە��n� 2�^��S���f�� ��,4:�,O0���?V+�g7��8���Nz�����ϋ�ߧ4�z �-�\��?܆]��j��W�N�sw�d���p���(��8>ju��~���%�8��^z�}(��yl�8SI+�uNi�g�M��SH�,$�,�a�/K;L��箘H�4IP�w>�[�h���'�8ܣ��:/D���z����X�{k%g[�N�L��Ø��Za;O8$��[z뵍�ҰrYFgg�a�g+>H >JO?�_�(��^�!�j9�_,�f�f��v6�a=�f膾�c��ͭ
o����D@��l�a����l�y��T������)�R'5��e�t. Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. So, for example, Gokhale perceived the appallingly inhuman treatment of low castes by higher castes as worse than the treatment reserved by the British to their Indian subjects, both in India and in the white colonies. According to this romantic cultural nationalism, promoted by the leader of the Extremists, Tilak, and later on systematised by Savarkar, the only authentic Indian culture of the subcontinent was the Hindu one. the rise of nationalism and foundation of indian national congress Gandhi described Gokhale as his political guru while Jinnah aspired to be the Muslim Gokhale. Nevertheless, such impression is misleading. Thus, Gokhale’s imagined nation was political, territorial and cultural, but it was the voluntaristic element – that is the individual consciousness of being part of a given nationality – the most powerful sentiment that made the nation capable of constituting itself and finally becoming independent.